Calcium Oxalate Stones in Dogs [Signs, Causes & Remedies]
Today, let’s talk about a common health concern that can affect our furry friends: calcium oxalate stones in dogs.
These pesky little stones can cause big problems for our canine companions, so it’s important to understand what they are, how they form, and what we can do to prevent them.
So, grab a cup of coffee, and let’s dive into this important topic together!
What are Calcium Oxalate Stones in Dogs
Calcium oxalate stones are a common type of bladder stones in dogs, comprising over 85% of all canine uroliths, and are the second-most common type of stone, next to struvite stones.
These stones are more common in male dogs and certain breeds such as Shih Tzus, miniature schnauzers, bichon frise, Lhasa Apso, and Yorkshire terriers are more prone to developing them.
The signs of calcium oxalate bladder stones in dogs are similar to those of an uncomplicated bladder infection or cystitis, with the most common signs being blood in the urine and straining to urinate.
The formation of calcium oxalate stones in dogs has a strong hereditary component, and there is a substance in urine that naturally inhibits the formation of these stones, which may be defective in dogs predisposed to forming them.
While the exact reasons for the development of these stones are not fully understood, higher levels of calcium, citrates, or oxalates in a dog’s urine may predispose them to developing this type of bladder stone.
It’s best to give no treats to dogs with a history of calcium oxalate stones, but if treats are necessary, there are some options and strategies available.
Causes of Calcium Oxalate Stones in Dogs
So, when it comes to calcium oxalate stones in dogs, there are a few common causes to be aware of.
Firstly, a diet high in calcium or oxalates can contribute to the formation of these stones.
Similarly, certain breeds, like the Miniature Schnauzer, are more predisposed to developing these types of stones.
In addition, inadequate hydration can lead to concentrated urine, which increases the risk of stone formation.
Furthermore, underlying medical conditions such as hypercalcemia or hyperoxaluria can also play a role.
Moreover, some medications may affect calcium and oxalate levels in the body, potentially contributing to stone formation.
Lastly, genetics can also be a factor, as some dogs may have a genetic predisposition to forming calcium oxalate stones.
Keeping an eye on these factors can help in preventing and managing this condition.
If you have any concerns about your dog’s health, it’s always best to consult with a veterinarian for personalized guidance.
Read more about the things that can cause bladder stones in dogs.
Symptoms of Calcium Oxalate Stones in Dogs
Here are some of the most common symptoms of calcium oxalate stones in dogs:
1. Blood in the Urine: When dogs have calcium oxalate stones, one of the most noticeable symptoms is the presence of blood in the urine, a condition known as hematuria. This occurs because the stones can cause irritation and damage to the urinary tract, leading to the release of blood into the urine. Owners may observe pink or red discoloration in the dog’s urine, indicating the presence of blood.
2. Straining to Urinate: Dogs with calcium oxalate stones may exhibit signs of straining or discomfort while urinating. This can be a result of the stones causing blockages or irritation in the urinary tract, making it difficult and painful for the dog to pass urine.
3. Increased Urination Frequency: Some dogs may show an increase in the frequency of urination, which can be a symptom of calcium oxalate stones. This increased frequency is often due to the irritation caused by the stones, leading to a feeling of urgency or discomfort that prompts more frequent attempts to urinate.
4. Painful Urination: Dogs with calcium oxalate stones may experience pain or discomfort while urinating, which can be observed through their behavior. They may vocalize, whimper, or exhibit signs of distress while attempting to urinate, indicating the discomfort associated with passing urine.
5. Licking Genital Area: Dogs may excessively lick their genital area due to the discomfort caused by calcium oxalate stones. This behavior is a response to the pain and irritation caused by the stones, as the dog seeks to alleviate the discomfort by licking the affected area.
6. Abdominal Discomfort: Some dogs may exhibit signs of abdominal discomfort or pain, which can be indicative of the presence of calcium oxalate stones. This discomfort may manifest as restlessness, reluctance to move, or sensitivity when the abdominal area is touched.
7. Loss of Appetite: In some cases, dogs with calcium oxalate stones may experience a loss of appetite, which can be a symptom of underlying discomfort or pain. The presence of the stones and associated discomfort can lead to a decreased interest in food and a reluctance to eat.
8. Vomiting: Vomiting can also be a symptom of calcium oxalate stones in dogs, especially if the stones are causing significant discomfort or obstruction. The presence of stones in the urinary tract can trigger nausea and vomiting as the body attempts to expel the irritants.
It’s important for dog owners to be aware of these symptoms and seek veterinary attention promptly if they are observed, as early diagnosis and treatment can help alleviate the dog’s discomfort and prevent complications associated with calcium oxalate stones.
Read more about the signs your dog has bladder stones.
How are Calcium Oxalate Stones Diagnosed in Dogs
So, when it comes to diagnosing calcium oxalate stones in dogs, there are a few effective methods that veterinarians use.
First off, your vet might perform a physical examination and take a detailed medical history to look for signs and symptoms that could point to calcium oxalate stones.
Then, they might conduct a urinalysis to check for the presence of crystals or other abnormalities in the urine.
Additionally, imaging techniques like X-rays or ultrasound can help visualize the stones in the urinary tract.
Blood tests are also useful to assess kidney function and identify any underlying conditions that might be contributing to stone formation.
Finally, your vet might recommend a stone analysis, where the composition of the stones is examined to confirm if they are indeed calcium oxalate stones.
These methods, when used together, can provide a comprehensive diagnosis and guide the appropriate treatment for your furry friend!
How Can Calcium Oxalate Stones in Dogs Be Treated
When it comes to treating calcium oxalate bladder stones in dogs, there are two primary treatment strategies: non-surgical removal by urohydropropulsion and surgical removal.
Let’s take a closer look at each of these treatment options and the steps involved in their implementation.
Non-Surgical Removal by Urohydropropulsion
Non-surgical removal by urohydropropulsion is a less invasive treatment option for calcium oxalate bladder stones in dogs.
This procedure involves using a technique called urohydropropulsion to expel the stones from the bladder without the need for surgery.
It is typically recommended in cases where the stones are small enough to be expelled through the urethra.
The steps involved in non-surgical removal by urohydropropulsion may include:
- Diagnosis: The veterinarian may make an educated guess about the type of stone based on radiographic appearance and urinalysis results, which show the presence of acidic urine along with numerous calcium oxalate crystals.
- Procedure: Urohydropropulsion involves using a catheter to flush the stones out of the bladder through the urethra, without the need for surgical incisions.
Surgical Removal
Surgical removal is commonly recommended in cases where the bladder stones are too large for urohydropropulsion, when there are many stones in the bladder, or if there is an increased risk of urinary tract obstruction.
It may also be chosen if the client wishes to have the problem resolved as quickly as possible.
The steps involved in surgical removal of calcium oxalate stones in dogs may include:
- Assessment: The veterinarian will assess the size and number of stones in the bladder to determine if surgical removal is necessary.
- Surgery: If surgical removal is deemed necessary, the stones are removed through a surgical procedure, such as cystotomy, which involves making an incision into the bladder to access and remove the stones.
It’s important to note that the choice between non-surgical and surgical removal depends on various factors, including the size and number of stones, the risk of urinary tract obstruction, and the client’s preferences.
In summary, both non-surgical removal by urohydropropulsion and surgical removal are effective treatment options for calcium oxalate bladder stones in dogs.
Non-surgical removal by urohydropropulsion is less invasive and involves flushing the stones out of the bladder through the urethra, while surgical removal is recommended for larger stones or cases where there is a higher risk of urinary tract obstruction.
Read more about other bladder in dogs treatment options.
How Can Calcium Oxalate Stones in Dogs Be Prevented
Preventing calcium oxalate stones in dogs involves a few key strategies.
Firstly, ensuring your furry friend has access to plenty of fresh, clean water can help dilute the urine and reduce the risk of stone formation.
It’s also important to feed them a balanced diet that’s low in oxalate-rich foods, such as spinach, nuts, and beet greens.
Regular exercise is crucial too, as it helps maintain a healthy weight and promotes overall urinary health.
Additionally, regular veterinary check-ups can catch any potential issues early on.
If your dog has a history of calcium oxalate stones, your vet may recommend a specific diet or supplements to help prevent recurrence.
Lastly, avoiding high-salt diets and excessive calcium supplementation can also play a role in prevention.
With these proactive steps, you can help keep your pup happy, healthy, and free from calcium oxalate stones.
Read more about preventing bladder stones in dogs here.
Conclusion
In conclusion, calcium oxalate stones in dogs can be a painful and concerning condition. As responsible pet owners, it’s crucial to be aware of the signs, take preventive measures, and consult with a veterinarian for proper diagnosis and treatment. Remember, with timely intervention and a well-balanced diet, we can help our furry friends stay healthy and free from these troublesome stones.
